This article analyzes the evolution from outdoor positioning technology to UWB indoor positioning technology from the perspective of positioning accuracy, as well as the current relatively new outdoor positioning technology and indoor positioning technology.
1. Outdoor positioning-Beidou satellite positioning technology
Satellite positioning is mostly used in-car navigation.
At present, the domestic Beidou has been popularized. In terms of outdoor positioning accuracy, Beidou single-point positioning can achieve a positioning accuracy of 5-10 meters; pseudo-range differential positioning can achieve a positioning accuracy of 1-3 meters; carrier phase differential positioning can achieve positioning of 0.3-1 meters outdoors Accuracy.
2. Indoor and outdoor positioning-communication base station positioning technology
What we use every day is the positioning of mobile phones, satellite positioning + communication base station-assisted positioning. The positioning of communication base stations has gone through 2G, to 3G, to 4G, and then to 5G.
From the beginning of the 2G communication base station for indoor and outdoor positioning, the mobile phone can achieve a positioning accuracy of 100-200 meters, with large deviations;
After the communication base station is updated to 3G, the positioning accuracy can be improved to 50-100 meters;
Later updated to 4G communication for base stations, the indoor and outdoor positioning accuracy can be further improved, reaching 30-100 meters;
In the current 5G communication base stations, after large-scale commercial use, the positioning accuracy can be increased to 10-30 meters. Three, indoor positioning
The positioning accuracy of satellite positioning and communication base station positioning can reach a sub-meter level in an outdoor unobstructed environment, which is more suitable.
However, in the indoor positioning environment, whether it is satellite positioning or communication base station positioning, it is inevitable that the signal will be blocked, resulting in a relatively large deviation in positioning accuracy, coupled with the emergence of trends such as smart construction sites, professional Indoor positioning technology will surely become the choice for positioning indoor personnel, materials, and vehicles.
Currently, the most widely used indoor positioning technologies include the following.
- RFID positioning, suitable for small indoor area positioning;
- WI-FI positioning, in a complex indoor positioning environment, the positioning accuracy is 5-10 meters;
- Bluetooth positioning can reach a positioning accuracy of 3-5 meters in an indoor environment, and is commonly used for indoor navigation;
- Ultra-wideband UWB indoor positioning. If the TDOA positioning algorithm is used, the indoor positioning accuracy can reach 0.3-1 meters, which is also the current indoor positioning technology with very small positioning accuracy errors.
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