The 3GPP website has already listed some of the work items in the early stages of the 5G R18 version that are being discussed. Take a closer look, as the first version of 5G-Advanced, some of the new projects are very interesting.
Source: https://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/GanttChart-Level-2.htm#bm900026
5G R18 Enhanced Access to and Support of Network Slice
Network slicing is a basic function of the 5G system, which allows flexible and dynamic deployment and adjustment of network resources to meet various needs.
In 5G R18, network slicing access and support-related functions will be enhanced, including:
When there are different types of restrictions (such as wireless resources, frequency bands, etc.), support for UE access to network slicing, and when network slicing or When the allocated resources change, the impact of service interruption will be minimized;
Second, it supports the disclosure of services such as network slicing control/configuration to third parties.
Supporting members: LG Electronics, Vivo, Tencent, LG Uplus, Futurewei, Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, ETRI, OPPO, KT, Apple, AT&T, InterDigital, KDDI, KPN, Samsung, KRRI, T-Mobile USA, Deutsche Telekom, NTT Docomo, Intel
5G R18 5G Timing Resiliency System
Vertical industries such as power, transportation, and finance are increasingly relying on precise clock synchronization, but the currently used GNSS satellite timing services have certain vulnerabilities, such as low anti-interference capabilities, poor indoor availability, and threats of deception interference.
In response to these problems, some governments and industries are actively studying alternative/backup solutions for GNSS satellite timing.
The 5G Timing Resiliency System mainly aims at the vulnerability of GNSS satellite timing services and studies other clock synchronization technologies consistent with the 5G system as a flexible clock source for end users as a supplement, backup, or replacement for GNSS satellite timing.
Supporting members: Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, AT&T, Deutsche Telekom, Intel, KDDI, KPN, LG Electronics, NextNav, NTT DoCoMo, Thales, Verizon UK Ltd
5G R18 Ranging-based Services
The positioning algorithm includes a range-based positioning algorithm, that is, the distance or angle information from a point to a point is measured based on the ranking algorithm.
Currently, positioning algorithms based on distance measurement are becoming more and more popular in fields such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transportation, smart retail, and Industry 4.0.
However, different applications in different vertical industries have different requirements for performance indicators such as distance accuracy, angle information accuracy, maximum ranging range, and ranging delay.
5G R18 will study the relevant specifications for ranging service requirements, covering ranging operations between UEs, operator control of ranging functions under the licensed spectrum, ranging KPIs (distance accuracy and azimuth accuracy, etc.) and security aspects Wait.
Supporting members: Xiaomi, CATT, CMCC, China Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, Fudan, Futurewei, Huawei, Lenovo, OPPO, Sharp, Spreadtrum Communications, Vivo, ZTE
5G R18 Low Power High Accuracy Positioning for Industrial IoT Scenarios
Low-power high-precision positioning is essential for the Industrial Internet of Things. On the one hand, industrial Internet of Things devices need to achieve high-precision positioning, requiring the frequent acquisition of real-time location information for positioning, which requires more battery power;
On the other hand, industrial IoT devices are mostly deployed in some dangerous scenarios, such as the production operation areas of power plants, chemical plants, and mines. Frequent battery replacement is very inconvenient.
It is necessary to study enhanced low-power technologies to extend battery life (which may take 1 to 2 years) to meet the high-precision positioning requirements of the Industrial Internet of Things.
At present, 3GPP has defined low-precision positioning (positioning accuracy is about 10 meters), but neither positioning accuracy nor power consumption can meet the requirements of low-power high-precision positioning in industrial IoT scenarios.
Supporting members: Huawei, Hisilicon, China Mobile, Spreadtrum, CATT, Vivo, Novamint, EDF, Orange, KPN, Vodafone, Xiaomi, Nokia, Sony, Deutsche Telekom, China Telecom, China Unicom, Philips
5G R18 Supporting of Railway Smart Station Services
Railway smart stations can provide passengers with various operational services and value-added services, such as providing warm reminders, smart evacuation, smart ticket checking, and smart query services through the integration of 5G networks, platforms, and AI.
It can not only improve the railway station service system but also improve service efficiency and reduce service costs. 3GPP will study use cases related to railway intelligent station services such as platform operation monitoring and passenger support services.
Supporting members: Hansung University, LG Uplus, KT, SK Telecom, ETRI, UIC, LG Electronics
5G R18 Off-Network for Rail
Future railway communication is an important part of the digitalization of railway operations. In the field of railway mobile communication, in addition to network-based communication, it also includes direct communication between UE and UE independent of the network. This is Off-Network technology.
Off-Network is a new term in the railway communication field, which has been introduced in the 3GPP MCX standard.
When the network fails, or there is no network coverage in remote mountainous areas, railway communication can use Off-Network to communicate. It is defined in the 3GPP MCX specification that even when the network is available, the railway communication can also use Off-Network.
In addition to voice communication, Off-Network communication will be applied to key mission data communication such as automatic train protection, automatic train operation, real-time video, and virtual coupling data communication in the future.
In 5G R18, 3GPP will study new use cases for future railway mobile communication systems based on Off-Network, as well as related technologies such as QoS, priority, UE ID and location recognition, multicast/broadcast/unicast, communication range, potential spectrum, etc.
Supporting members: UIC, Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell, Hansung University, ETRI, KT Corp, LG Uplus, FirstNet, BDBOS
5G R18 supporting tactile and multi-modality communication services
Tactile and multi-modal communication refers to the response input of multiple communication channels that affect user experience through video, audio, environmental perception, and tactile, combined with network capabilities such as ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, and security, to achieve a true Immersive user experience.
Environmental perception refers to the perception of brightness, temperature, humidity, and other information through sensors; tactile data includes pressure, texture, vibration, temperature, and other perception data fed back when touching the surface of an object, as well as gravity, tension, position, and other perception data.
This technology can be applied to many fields such as remote human-computer interaction, remote operation, robot social networks, and industrial Internet of Things services.
For example, in real-time remote VR services, VR users will use multiple independent devices to collect audio, video, environmental, and haptic data respectively, and receive audio, video, environmental, and haptic feedback from multiple application servers at the same time.
In this scenario, users will wear VR glasses to receive images and sounds, and receive tactile information through tactile gloves, and provide tactile and environmental information to peer users through cameras, microphones, and wearable sensors.
In order to support tactile and multi-modal communication services, 5G systems need to meet the different network speed, delay, and reliability requirements of different data streams, and also need to achieve the synchronization of parallel multiple data streams. Therefore, 5G network capabilities are a major challenge.
5G R18 will study new use cases involving tactile and multi-modal communication technologies, as well as technical indicators such as network reliability, availability, security, privacy, data rate, delay, and transmission interval related to these use cases.
Supporting members: China Mobile, Huawei, Spreadtrum Communications, Futurewei, ZTE, Tencent, VIVO, OPPO, CATT, China Telecom, China Unicom, CAICT, InterDigital, Verizon UK, CEPRI, Xiaomi, KPN, ABS, Orange
5G R18 Vehicle-Mounted Relays
With the continuous development of 5G, the requirements for network coverage and capacity are getting higher and higher, and more and more dense base stations need to be deployed. However, the problem is that the site resources in cities are limited, and base station site selection is becoming more and more difficult. Rental costs are getting higher and higher.
To this end, 5G R18 will study the expansion of 5G network coverage by deploying 5G relay stations on vehicles to make full use of a large number of vehicles in the city as site resources. The 5G relay station uses the 5G macro base station as the donor base station, and connects to the 5G macro base station through 5G wireless backhaul, without the need to deploy optical fibers, and has strong deployment flexibility.
Vehicles in cities usually travel at low speeds. At the same time, the driving routes of buses, trams, and other vehicles are fixed, and most bus stations are surrounded by user-intensive areas. By installing 5G relay stations on the vehicles, Not only can it provide 5G coverage to the surrounding environment outside the car, but it can also provide 5G services for passengers in the car.
Supporting members: Qualcomm Incorporated, Sony, SHARP, InterDigital, OPPO, AT&T, FIRSTNET, Verizon UK Ltd, LG Electronics, Xiaomi, ZTE Corporation, Telstra, Vivo Mobile Communications Ltd, SyncTechno, ETRI, DENSO, Robert Bosch, Volkswagen AG
5G R18 5G Smart Energy and Infrastructure
Building an efficient, safe and stable smart grid has been the development goal of the power industry in various countries, and the communication infrastructure is essential for the successful realization of the smart grid.
The power grid includes four major links: power generation, transmission, power distribution, and power consumption. Each link needs to integrate communication infrastructure with platforms such as energy management systems and power distribution management systems to achieve data collection, monitoring, analysis, and control of the power grid. , And finally realize the informatization, digitization, automation, and interactive smart grid.
The 5G smart grid communication infrastructure will support micro-grid distributed power generation, safe and efficient power transformation, and transmission, flexible and reliable power distribution, green power usage, network security, and resilience.
In the field of 5G smart grids, relevant Chinese enterprises have made significant contributions in promoting the formulation of standards.
5G R18 will conduct research on the potential service requirements of 5G smart grids, including research to meet the communication requirements of 5G smart grid services such as capacity, delay, reliability, end-to-end QoS, resilience, and security, and research on distributed power systems, distribution Electric automation, high-precision power load monitoring and control, electricity meter automation and other use cases, research on the KPI and service requirements of 5G wireless communication required for microgrid distributed power generation, and so on.
Supporting members: Alibaba, CATT, CEPRI-China, China Mobile, China Southern Power Grid, China Telecom, China Unicom, Fudan University, Futurewei, Huawei, Huawei Device, Novamint, OPPO, Orange, Samsung, Sequans, SONY, Spreadtrum, Thales, Telefonica, Tencent, Telus, Xiaomi, ZTE
5G R18 Enhancements for Residential 5G
The convergence of wired and wireless, and the convergence of fixed and mobile networks is a major trend. On the one hand, operators can expand users and increase user stickiness by bundling home broadband with mobile packages;
On the other hand, people always watch videos and play games at home after getting off work. The home is a high-traffic scene and also a high-value scene for operators.
However, because the 5G frequency band is higher, the signal is difficult to penetrate from outdoors to indoors, and the home scene is also a weak coverage area or coverage blind area of 5G. It is necessary to deploy 5G micro-stations in the home through integration with the fixed network to improve home network coverage. , Increase the source of income for operators.
Fixed networks and mobile networks are separate systems. How can the two be perfectly integrated?
In the mobile network, the terminal is known and identifiable to the mobile core network, which can provide customized and differentiated services for different terminals, which is conducive to improving service levels, and also conducive to network management and operation. However, those terminals connected through a fixed network are unknown and unrecognizable to the mobile core network.
Residential 5G enhancement will be based on the trend of fixed-mobile convergence, unifying the wireless access network and fixed access network into the 5G core network, so that the core network can also identify and manage the terminals under the fixed-line home gateway, and will enhance the fixed-mobile convergence, Research on enhanced fixed-line LAN and 5G LAN integration, enhanced indoor micro-stations, etc.
Supporting members: KPN, TNO, Deutsche Telekom, T-Mobile USA, Orange, Telefonica, Convida Wireless, China Telecom, InterDigital, Huawei, Vodafone, Philips, Intel
5G R18 Personal IoT Networks
Personal Internet of Things (PIoT) refers to the Internet of Things surrounding personal and family scenarios. Its terminal devices include home appliances such as door sensors, light switches, ovens, TVs, air conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, voice assistants, etc., as well as personal communication distance of cameras, headsets, watches, cars, bicycles, and other equipment is within tens of meters.
3GPP has formulated NB-IoT and eMTC standards for the industrial Internet of Things, but it has not paid attention to the field of personal Internet of Things.
Various communication technologies are used in the field of the personal Internet of Things. For example, in the smart home scenario, a variety of non-3GPP wireless technologies such as Z-Wave, Zigbee, Bluetooth, NFC, and WLAN can be used in the PIoT network.
At the same time, outside the PIoT network, the smart gateway in the home needs to be connected to the cloud or mobile phone through the Internet or mobile communication network to facilitate remote monitoring and management of the smart home, which brings complex connections and cumbersome configurations to the personal Internet of Things. The problem, there are also hidden dangers of network instability, such as the best-effort Internet connection itself being unstable.
In order to solve these problems, 5G R18 will study the enhancement of 5G system support for PIoT, such as studying the connection between the PIoT network and the 5G core network through the local RAN gateway and studying the related use cases and technical indicators of the PIoT network supported by the 5G system Request, etc.
Supporting members: Vivo Mobile Communications Ltd, China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, Convida Wireless, Huawei, Huawei Device, InterDigital, KPN, NOVAMINT, Philips, Qualcomm Incorporated, Sony, Xiaomi
5G R18 traffic characteristics and performance requirements for AI/ML model transfer in 5GS
In the 5G era, AI will be distributed in the cloud, edge, pipe, and end links, and the cloud edge-end collaborative AI processing method will be adopted.
For example, the cloud is responsible for model training, and then the generated model is sent to the edge/terminal for reasoning and analysis;
For another example, limited by the computing power and power consumption of the terminal, the terminal will transmit the data to the edge for inference and execute the command from the edge;
At the same time, because centralized training will bring a huge computational burden to the cloud, coupled with data privacy protection reasons, some scenarios do not allow uploading local data to the cloud for training, and there will be a combination of cloud and local federated learning and distributed learning mode.
AI/ML models and training data will become a new type of traffic transmitted in 5G networks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the traffic characteristics and performance requirements of AI/ML models transmitted in 5G networks.
5G R18 will study network performance requirements such as the rate, delay, reliability, coverage, and capacity required for the upload/download of AI/ML models, and study segmented AI/ML operations, distribution, and sharing of AI/ML models, and data, and federated learning Traffic feature recognition and performance requirements in scenarios such as distributed learning, etc., to better support AI/ML (machine learning) services such as image recognition, voice recognition, robots, and smart cars.
Supporting members: OPPO, China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, Telstra, Verizon UK Ltd, Qualcomm, LG Electronics, Sony, Huawei, FutureWei, Alibaba, CATT, ZTE, Peking University, BUPT
In general, R18 will continue to advance into vertical fields such as energy, transportation, manufacturing, media, and medical care.
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